Tutorials: The GitHub CLI is a free, open-source tool that brings GitHub's web-based features directly into your computer's command line or terminal

The URL https://cli.github.com/ is the official homepage for the GitHub CLI (commonly invoked using the terminal command gh).

The GitHub CLI is a free, open-source tool that brings GitHub's web-based features directly into your computer's command line or terminal.

Key Purpose: Eliminating "Context Switching"

Normally, when developing software, you use Git in your terminal to manage your code locally (e.g., git commit, git push), but you have to open a web browser to handle GitHub-specific features. The GitHub CLI removes the need to switch back and forth between your code editor, your browser, and your terminal.

What can you do with it?

Instead of using the GitHub website, you can type gh commands to:

• Manage Pull Requests (gh pr): Create, checkout, review, diff, and merge pull requests locally.

• Track Issues (gh issue): List, view, create, filter, and close bug reports or task issues.

• Handle Repositories (gh repo): View, clone, create, fork, or star repositories without leaving the terminal.

• Interact with GitHub Actions (gh run / gh workflow): View the progress and logs of automated testing and deployment workflows.

• Interact with GitHub Copilot (gh copilot): Get AI assistance right in your CLI.

• Automate & Script: Create custom aliases or script repetitive GitHub tasks using their built-in API tool (gh api).

How it differs from standard Git

• Git (git): Focuses on managing the source code history, creating local branches, and tracking changes locally or on any hosting service.

• GitHub CLI (gh): Focuses on managing the features unique to GitHub (like PRs, Issues, and Actions) that standard Git doesn't natively control.

To install the GitHub CLI (gh) on Ubuntu, you should use the official GitHub repository. This ensures you get the latest version (the version in the default Ubuntu apt repositories is often outdated).

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Follow these steps in your terminal:

1. Install dependencies

First, make sure your package list is updated and install curl and git if you don't already have them:

Bash

sudo apt update
sudo apt install curl git coreutils -y

2. Download and add the official GitHub CLI keyring

This step securely adds GitHub's public key to your system so Ubuntu trusts the packages you download:

Bash

sudo mkdir -p -m 755 /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://cli.github.com/packages/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg > /dev/null
sudo chmod go+r /etc/apt/keyrings/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg

3. Add the GitHub CLI repository to your sources

Run the following command to add the repository to your system's package manager configuration:

Bash

echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg] https://cli.github.com/packages stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.p/github-cli.list > /dev/null

4. Update your package list and install gh

Now that Ubuntu knows about the official repository, update your package lists again and install the CLI:

Bash

sudo apt update
sudo apt install gh -y

Alternative: Install via Snap (Easiest)

If you prefer using Snap (which comes pre-installed on standard Ubuntu), you can install it with a single command:

Bash

sudo snap install gh

Note: While Snap is easier, the apt method above is generally recommended for development environments as it integrates better with local file permissions and SSH keys.

Next Step: Authenticate with GitHub

Once installed, you need to link the CLI to your GitHub account. Run the following command and follow the on-screen prompts:

Bash

gh auth login

It will ask you whether you want to log in via a web browser or by pasting an authentication token. Browser authentication is usually the quickest and easiest.

Now that you have it installed and authenticated, using gh is incredibly intuitive. The tool is structured around "nouns" (the feature you want to use, like pr, issue, or repo) and "verbs" (the action you want to take, like create, list, or view).

Here is a quick cheat sheet on how to use the GitHub CLI for your everyday workflow.

1. Working with Repositories (gh repo)

Instead of going to GitHub.com to create or clone repositories, you can do it right here.

• Clone a repository: (No need to copy the full URL, just use username/repo)

  Bash

  gh repo clone owner/repository-name
  

• Create a new repo: (This will create it on GitHub and can also initialize it locally)

  Bash

  gh repo create my-new-project --public
  

• View the current repo: (Opens the current repository's GitHub page in your browser)

  Bash

  gh repo view --web
  

2. Managing Pull Requests (gh pr)

This is where the GitHub CLI truly shines. You can manage the entire PR lifecycle without leaving your terminal.

• Create a PR: (Pushes your current branch and opens a PR on GitHub)

  Bash

  gh pr create --title "Fix login bug" --body "Splits the authentication function into smaller chunks."
  

• List open PRs: (See all open pull requests for the current repository)

  Bash

  gh pr list
  

• Checkout a PR locally: (Incredibly useful for testing a teammate's code. You don't need to know their branch name, just the PR number)

  Bash

  gh pr checkout 42
  

• Merge a PR: (Merges PR #42 right from your terminal)

  Bash

  gh pr merge 42
  

3. Tracking Issues (gh issue)

• List issues: (See what needs to be worked on)

  Bash

  gh issue list
  

• Create a new issue:

  Bash

  gh issue create --title "Dark mode toggle is broken" --body "The button switches state but colors don't change."
  

• View a specific issue:

  Bash

  gh issue view 105
  

4. Checking GitHub Actions (gh run)

If you use GitHub Actions for continuous integration (CI/CD), you can check your build statuses.

• View recent workflow runs:

  Bash

  gh run list
  

• Watch a live run: (See the steps pass or fail in real-time inside your terminal)

  Bash

  gh run watch
  

💡 Pro-Tip: The --help Flag

If you ever get stuck or forget a command, just add --help to the end of any command. The built-in documentation is excellent.

Bash

gh --help
gh pr --help
gh pr create --help